Diagnosis has improved over the years in the field of ocular oncology. Yet improvements still need to be made in the way we use biopsies or fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Unfortunately in ophthalmic oncology, the use of a tumour biopsy or FNAB remains controversial.

Currently, biopsies or FNAB present as the only methods to obtain and confirm diagnostic certainty. These methods help establish prognostic factors, cell type, chromosomal and genetic profile. This allows personalized therapies and the follow-up of patients. Moreover, different aspects in the area of biopsies and FNAB are being modified through the use of new instrumentation, cytological and tissue processing to enhance our understanding of prognostic factors, genetic and chromosomal characteristics. These techniques help preserve the eyeball and the patient's vision. In many cases, it also improves the prognosis of patients, especially those showing metastatic spread due to choroidal melanoma.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collate original research articles and review articles, updating our knowledge in ocular oncology, especially in fine-need aspiration biopsy and biopsies. It is anticipated that this Special Issue will provide a current perspective on the field and its future directions.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• New instrumentation
• Alternative surgical techniques
• Complications using biopsies or FNAB
• Management in small pigment choroidal tumours
• Indications
• Prognostic factors
• Cytological processing techniques
• Cytological diagnostic techniques
• Genetic and chromosomal studies